Title
Feelings of Inadequacy Scale (modified)
Study
BCS
Copyright Information
Primary Reference
Fleming, J. S., & Watts, W. A. (1980). . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39, 921-929.
Janis, I. S., & Field, P. B. (1959). A behavioral assessment of persuasibility: Consistence of individual differences. In C. I. Hovland & I. L. Janis (Eds.), . New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Purpose
To measure self-esteem.
Type of Measure
Modified. The scale administered in the BCS included 14 of the 23 items comprising the original Janis-Field scale (Janis & Field, 1959). Items were chosen based on results of a factor analysis reported by Fleming and Watts (1980), and included the seven highest-loading items comprising the Social Confidence and Self-Regard factors, respectively. Unlike the original scale, which presented items in the form of frequency-based questions (e.g., How often do you feel self-conscious?), the version administered in the BCS was comprised of self-referent statements (e.g., I often feel self-conscious) with response options scaled in terms of extent of agreement or disagreement.
Description
Using a 6-point scale, respondents indicate the extent to which they agree or disagree with self-referent statements describing attitudes toward themselves. No time frame or referent period is used.
Scaling
6=I agree very much, 5=I mainly agree, 4= slightly agree, 3=I disagree very much, 2=I mainly disagree, 1=I slightly disagree
Number of Items
14
Sample Items
- I am confident about my abilities (self-regard)
- I worry about whether other people like to be with me (reversed; social confidence)
- I think I am a worthless individual (reversed; self-regard)
Psychometrics
Internal consistencies in undergraduate students (n = 106; Fleming & Watts, 1980)
- Total Self Esteem, Cronbach’s α = 0.90
- Social Confidence subscale, Cronbach’s α = 0.90
- Self-Regard subscale, Cronbach’s α = 0.83
Internal consistencies in BCS (n = 383)
- Total Self Esteem, Cronbach’s α = 0.89
- Social Confidence subscale, Cronbach’s α = 0.87
- Self-Regard subscale, Cronbach’s α = 0.78
Scoring
Reversed items: all items except items 5 (feel confident that someday people will look up to me) and 12 (confident about abilities) are reverse-scored so that higher values indicate greater self-esteem.
Total Self-Esteem: sum items 1R, 2R, 3R, 4R, 5, 6R, 7R, 8R, 9R, 10R, 11R, 12, 13R, 14R
Social Confidence: sum items 1R, 3R, 6R, 8R, 9R, 11R, 14R
Self-Regard: sum items 2R, 4R, 5, 6R, 7R, 10R, 12, 13R
Variables
Total Self-Esteem score
Social Confidence subscale score
Self-Regard subscale score
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Title
Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale
Study
PMBC
Copyright Information
The Rosenberg SES may be used without explicit permission. The author's family, however, would like to be kept informed of its use. Send information about how you have used the scale, or send published research resulting from its use, to the address below:
The Morris Rosenberg Foundation
c/o Dept. Of Sociology
University of Maryland
2112 Art/Soc Building
College Park, MD 20742-1315
Primary References
1. Rosenberg, M. (1989). . Revised edition. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press.
2. Krause, N. (1995). . Journal of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences & Social Sciences, 50, P236-P246.
Purpose
To measure self-esteem.
Type of Measure
Modified. Four positively-worded items were chosen from the established 10-item scale (Krause, 1995).
Description
Participants use a 4-point response scale to indicate the extent to which they agree or disagree with self-descriptive statements regarding their attitudes toward themselves. No time frame or referent period is used. In PMBC, participants also had the option of responding “don’t know”. (“Don’t know” responses were treated as missing in the data set).
Scaling
1 = Strongly Disagree, 2 = Disagree, 3 = Agree, 4 = Strongly Agree
Number of Items
4
Psychometrics
Internal consistency in PMBC (n = 193), Cronbach’s α = 0.84
Scoring
Sum items 1, 2, 3, 4
Variables
Total Score
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